United Nations Security Council A decision is made to send a chemical signal in the form of glucagon to the liver (effector). Biology Dictionary. What matters here is that the direction of the effect moves away from the homeostatic range. SST variability is stronger in the Kuroshio Oyashio extension (KOE) region and is associated with changes in the KOE axis and strength,[7] that generates decadal and longer time scales SST variance but without the observed magnitude of the spectral peak at ~10 years, and SST-air feedback. (a) This part describes the executive branch's Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) Program (the CUI Program) and establishes policy for designating, handling, and decontrolling information that qualifies as CUI. (n) CUI Program is the executive branch-wide program to standardize CUI handling by all Federal agencies. (pp) Re-use means incorporating, restating, or paraphrasing information from its originally designated form into a newly created document. Such high temperatures raise the metabolic rate rather than decrease it; this further increases internal heat production. (g) Parties may appeal the CUI EA's decision through the Director of OMB to the President for resolution, pursuant to section 4(e) of the Order. v (7) The lack of a CUI marking on information that qualifies as CUI does not exempt the authorized holder from abiding by applicable handling requirements as described in the Order, this part, and the CUI Registry. (w) Document means any tangible thing which constitutes or contains information, and means the original and any copies (whether different from the originals because of notes made on such copies or otherwise) of all writings of every kind and description over which an agency has authority, whether inscribed by hand or by mechanical, facsimile, electronic, magnetic, microfilm, photographic, or other means, as well as phonic or visual reproductions or oral statements, conversations, or events, and including, but not limited to: Correspondence, email, notes, reports, papers, files, manuals, books, pamphlets, periodicals, letters, memoranda, notations, messages, telegrams, cables, facsimiles, records, studies, working papers, accounting papers, contracts, licenses, certificates, grants, agreements, computer disks, computer tapes, telephone logs, computer mail, computer printouts, worksheets, sent or received communications of any kind, teletype messages, agreements, diary entries, calendars and journals, printouts, drafts, tables, compilations, tabulations, recommendations, accounts, work papers, summaries, address books, other records and recordings or transcriptions of conferences, meetings, visits, interviews, discussions, or telephone conversations, charts, graphs, indexes, tapes, minutes, contracts, leases, invoices, records of purchase or sale correspondence, electronic or other transcription of taping of personal conversations or conferences, and any written, printed, typed, punched, taped, filmed, or graphic matter however produced or reproduced. d WebWelcome to Patent Public Search. There are a number of mental processes at work during problem-solving. [18] (1) The CUI SAO must still ensure that the agency appropriately safeguards and disseminates the CUI. (2) When an authorized holder re-uses any legacy information or information derived from legacy documents that qualifies as CUI, they must remove or redact legacy markings and designate or re-mark the information as CUI, even if the information is under a legacy material marking waiver prior to re-use. Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop. (b) The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), by mail at 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 1070; Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, by email at [emailprotected], by phone at (301) 975-NIST (6478) or Federal Relay Service (800) 877-8339 (TTY), or online at http://nist.gov/publication-portal.cfm. Problem-Solving Strategies The unique entity identifier used in SAM.gov has changed. If you have questions or comments regarding a published document please Two mechanisms exist negative and positive. (b) When laws, regulations, and Government-wide policies governing the CUI do not set out specific procedures, processes, or requirements for CUI dispute resolution (or the information is not involved in litigation), this part governs. (j) Transmittal document marking requirements. Agencies may not treat non-Federal information systems as though they are agency systems, so agencies cannot require that non-executive branch entities protect these systems in the same manner that the agencies might protect their own information systems. When agencies intend to share CUI with a non-executive branch entity, they should enter into a formal agreement (see 2004.4(c) for more information on agreements), whenever feasible. (b) Agencies and authorized holders must follow the instructions contained in the CUI Registry in addition to all requirements in the Order and this part. (b) Agency CUI policies are the policies the agency enacts to implement the CUI Program within the agency. IBR approved for 2002.14(h). (1) CUI markings listed in the CUI Registry are the only markings authorized to designate unclassified information requiring safeguarding or dissemination controls. At a minimum, this process must include a timely response to the challenger that: (1) Acknowledges receipt of the challenge; (2) States an expected timetable for response to the challenger; (3) Provides an opportunity for the challenger to define a rationale for belief that the CUI in question is inappropriately designated; (4) Gives contact information for the official making the agency's decision in this matter; and. (2019). The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) is a robust, recurring pattern of ocean-atmosphere climate variability centered over the mid-latitude Pacific basin.The PDO is detected as warm or cool surface waters in the Pacific Ocean, north of 20N. Several studies have indicated that the PDO index can be reconstructed as the superimposition of tropical forcing and extra-tropical processes. Agencies may increase CUI Basic's confidentiality impact level above moderate only internally, or by means of agreements with agencies or non-executive branch entities (including agreements for the operation of an information system on behalf of the agencies). Information technology However, agencies may use these markings to inform recipients of the non-final status of documents under development to avoid confusion and maintain the integrity of an agency's decision-making process. The 2014 flip from the cool PDO phase to the warm phase, which vaguely resembles a long and drawn-out El Nio event, contributed to record-breaking surface temperatures across the planet in 2014. In a closed-loop mechanism, an additional structure is at work. Challengers should nonetheless notify the agency of the issue through the agency process described below, and include its litigation connection. (d) CUI designation indicator (mandatory). These are all the results of a negative feedback mechanism; the body is trying to return to a target value of 98.6F (37C). 2011, et seq. Lower levels of thyroid hormone are produced that slow the metabolic rate and reduce heat production inside the body. CUI Basic is the default set of standards authorized holders must apply to all CUI unless the CUI Registry annotates that CUI as CUI Specified. CMS encourages the public to submit comments to the Request for Information. h The fact that an agency designates or marks certain information as CUI does not determine whether an individual may lawfully disclose that information under a law or other authority, and does not preempt or otherwise affect whistleblower legal protections provided by law, regulation, or executive order or directive. Article. (m) The Archivist of the United States may decontrol records transferred to the National Archives in accordance with 2002.34, absent a specific agreement otherwise with the designating agency. (r) CUI Specified is the subset of CUI in which the authorizing law, regulation, or Government-wide policy contains specific handling controls that it requires or permits agencies to use that differ from those for CUI Basic. d In modeling the climates of other planets, studies have shown that the icealbedo feedback is much stronger on terrestrial planets that are orbiting stars (see: stellar classification) that have a high near-ultraviolet radiation. Without the comparator, the above thermoregulatory mechanism would be open-loop. Such an agreement may take any form the agency head approves, but when established, it must include a requirement to comply with Executive Order 13556, Controlled Unclassified Information, November 4, 2010 (3 CFR, 2011 Comp., p. 267) or any successor order (the Order), this part, and the CUI Registry. Thus, climate change models do not include them in their projections of 21st century climate change: experiments where they model the disappearance of those ice masses indicate that the total loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet adds 0.13C to global warming (with a range of 0.120.14C), while the loss of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet adds 0.05C (0.040.06C), and the loss of mountain glaciers adds 0.08C (0.070.09C). If you have questions for the Agency that issued the current document please contact the agency directly. 81 FR 63336, Sept. 14, 2016, unless otherwise noted. ), as amended. Authorized holders must safeguard CUI using one of the following types of standards: (1) CUI Basic. Both positive and negative feedback systems require three components to adjust specific physiological pathways: Signals can be sent via nerve pathways (action potentials and neurotransmitters) or via chemical signals (most commonly, hormones). One might expect exoplanets around other stars to also experience feedback processes caused by stellar radiation that affect the climate of the world. The Rulemaking Process Emissions monitoring & reporting - Climate Action [26], Several regime shifts are apparent both in the reconstructions and instrumental data, during the 20th century regime shifts associated with concurrent changes in SST, SLP, land precipitation and ocean cloud cover occurred in 1924/1925, 1945/1946, and 1976/1977:[27]. Control system (h) This part creates no right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. CUI Basic differs from CUI Specified (see definition for CUI Specified in this section), and CUI Basic controls apply whenever CUI Specified ones do not cover the involved CUI. (a) The CUI SAO must establish agency processes and criteria for reporting and investigating misuse of CUI. 3542(b)(2). (3) Notify authorized recipients and the public of these waivers. (3) CUI portion markings consist of the following elements: (i) The CUI control marking, which must be the acronym CUI; (ii) CUI category/subcategory portion markings (if required or permitted); and. This climate pattern also affects coastal sea and continental surface air temperatures from Alaska to California. (4) Reasonable expectation. [20], 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<0617:ASIVIT>2.0.CO;2, "The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979", "Arctic amplification is caused by sea-ice loss under increasing CO2", "Low Antarctic continental climate sensitivity due to high ice sheet orography", "Southern Ocean in-situ temperature trends over 25 years emerge from interannual variability", "Radiative Heating of an Ice-Free Arctic Ocean", "Observation-based selection of climate models projects Arctic ice-free summers around 2035", "Ice-free Arctic projections under the Paris Agreement", "Global warming due to loss of large ice masses and Arctic summer sea ice", "A Cloudier Picture of Ice-Albedo Feedback in CMIP6 Models", "Exceeding 1.5C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points", "Exceeding 1.5C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points paper explainer", "Can deglaciation trigger earthquakes in N. 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267-270. If one of the parties to the dispute is the CUI EA and the parties cannot resolve the dispute under paragraph (c) of this section, the parties may likewise refer the matter to OMB for resolution. Offer users a mechanism to report bugs and issues, and be responsive to these reports IBR approved for 2002.14(c), (e), (f), and (g), and 2002.16(c). See 2002.18. If the authority does not specify a destruction method, agencies must use one of the following methods: (i) Guidance for destruction in NIST SP 800-53, Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations, and NIST SP 800-88, Guidelines for Media Sanitization (incorporated by reference, see 2002.2); or. The Patent Public Search tool is a new web-based patent search application that will replace internal legacy search tools PubEast and PubWest and external legacy search tools PatFT and AppFT. Following a bumpy launch week that saw frequent server trouble and bloated player queues, Blizzard has announced that over 25 million Overwatch 2 players have logged on in its first 10 days. (2) CUI Specified. 2002.24 Agency self-inspection program. (2) The transmittal document must also include conspicuously on its face the following or similar instructions, as appropriate: (i) When enclosure is removed, this document is Uncontrolled Unclassified Information; or, (ii) When enclosure is removed, this document is (control level); upon removal, this document does not contain CUI.. The runaway icealbedo feedback was also important for the Snowball Earth. When authorized holders include CUI in documents that also contain CNSI, the decontrolling provisions of the Order and this part apply only to portions marked as CUI. Non-executive branch entities may receive CUI directly from members of the executive branch or as sub-recipients from other non-executive branch entities. (1) The content of the CUI banner marking must apply to the whole document (i.e., inclusive of all CUI within the document) and must be the same on each page of the document that includes CUI. Limitations on applicability of agency CUI policies. (d) The Director of National Intelligence: After consulting with the heads of affected agencies and the Director of ISOO, may issue directives to implement this part with respect to the protection of intelligence sources, methods, and activities. (c) Agencies must train employees on these matters when the employees first begin working for the agency and at least once every two years thereafter. (ii) When the laws, regulations, or Government-wide policies governing a specific type of CUI Specified are silent on either a safeguarding or disseminating control, agencies must apply CUI Basic standards to that aspect of the information's controls, unless this results in treatment that does not accord with the CUI Specified authority. United Nations Security Council A decision is made to send a chemical signal in the form of glucagon to the liver (effector). Biology Dictionary. What matters here is that the direction of the effect moves away from the homeostatic range. SST variability is stronger in the Kuroshio Oyashio extension (KOE) region and is associated with changes in the KOE axis and strength,[7] that generates decadal and longer time scales SST variance but without the observed magnitude of the spectral peak at ~10 years, and SST-air feedback. (a) This part describes the executive branch's Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) Program (the CUI Program) and establishes policy for designating, handling, and decontrolling information that qualifies as CUI. (n) CUI Program is the executive branch-wide program to standardize CUI handling by all Federal agencies. (pp) Re-use means incorporating, restating, or paraphrasing information from its originally designated form into a newly created document. Such high temperatures raise the metabolic rate rather than decrease it; this further increases internal heat production. (g) Parties may appeal the CUI EA's decision through the Director of OMB to the President for resolution, pursuant to section 4(e) of the Order. v (7) The lack of a CUI marking on information that qualifies as CUI does not exempt the authorized holder from abiding by applicable handling requirements as described in the Order, this part, and the CUI Registry. (w) Document means any tangible thing which constitutes or contains information, and means the original and any copies (whether different from the originals because of notes made on such copies or otherwise) of all writings of every kind and description over which an agency has authority, whether inscribed by hand or by mechanical, facsimile, electronic, magnetic, microfilm, photographic, or other means, as well as phonic or visual reproductions or oral statements, conversations, or events, and including, but not limited to: Correspondence, email, notes, reports, papers, files, manuals, books, pamphlets, periodicals, letters, memoranda, notations, messages, telegrams, cables, facsimiles, records, studies, working papers, accounting papers, contracts, licenses, certificates, grants, agreements, computer disks, computer tapes, telephone logs, computer mail, computer printouts, worksheets, sent or received communications of any kind, teletype messages, agreements, diary entries, calendars and journals, printouts, drafts, tables, compilations, tabulations, recommendations, accounts, work papers, summaries, address books, other records and recordings or transcriptions of conferences, meetings, visits, interviews, discussions, or telephone conversations, charts, graphs, indexes, tapes, minutes, contracts, leases, invoices, records of purchase or sale correspondence, electronic or other transcription of taping of personal conversations or conferences, and any written, printed, typed, punched, taped, filmed, or graphic matter however produced or reproduced. d WebWelcome to Patent Public Search. There are a number of mental processes at work during problem-solving. [18] (1) The CUI SAO must still ensure that the agency appropriately safeguards and disseminates the CUI. (2) When an authorized holder re-uses any legacy information or information derived from legacy documents that qualifies as CUI, they must remove or redact legacy markings and designate or re-mark the information as CUI, even if the information is under a legacy material marking waiver prior to re-use. Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop. (b) The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), by mail at 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 1070; Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, by email at [emailprotected], by phone at (301) 975-NIST (6478) or Federal Relay Service (800) 877-8339 (TTY), or online at http://nist.gov/publication-portal.cfm. Problem-Solving Strategies The unique entity identifier used in SAM.gov has changed. If you have questions or comments regarding a published document please Two mechanisms exist negative and positive. (b) When laws, regulations, and Government-wide policies governing the CUI do not set out specific procedures, processes, or requirements for CUI dispute resolution (or the information is not involved in litigation), this part governs. (j) Transmittal document marking requirements. Agencies may not treat non-Federal information systems as though they are agency systems, so agencies cannot require that non-executive branch entities protect these systems in the same manner that the agencies might protect their own information systems. When agencies intend to share CUI with a non-executive branch entity, they should enter into a formal agreement (see 2004.4(c) for more information on agreements), whenever feasible. (b) Agencies and authorized holders must follow the instructions contained in the CUI Registry in addition to all requirements in the Order and this part. (b) Agency CUI policies are the policies the agency enacts to implement the CUI Program within the agency. IBR approved for 2002.14(h). (1) CUI markings listed in the CUI Registry are the only markings authorized to designate unclassified information requiring safeguarding or dissemination controls. At a minimum, this process must include a timely response to the challenger that: (1) Acknowledges receipt of the challenge; (2) States an expected timetable for response to the challenger; (3) Provides an opportunity for the challenger to define a rationale for belief that the CUI in question is inappropriately designated; (4) Gives contact information for the official making the agency's decision in this matter; and. (2019). The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) is a robust, recurring pattern of ocean-atmosphere climate variability centered over the mid-latitude Pacific basin.The PDO is detected as warm or cool surface waters in the Pacific Ocean, north of 20N. Several studies have indicated that the PDO index can be reconstructed as the superimposition of tropical forcing and extra-tropical processes. Agencies may increase CUI Basic's confidentiality impact level above moderate only internally, or by means of agreements with agencies or non-executive branch entities (including agreements for the operation of an information system on behalf of the agencies). Information technology However, agencies may use these markings to inform recipients of the non-final status of documents under development to avoid confusion and maintain the integrity of an agency's decision-making process. The 2014 flip from the cool PDO phase to the warm phase, which vaguely resembles a long and drawn-out El Nio event, contributed to record-breaking surface temperatures across the planet in 2014. In a closed-loop mechanism, an additional structure is at work. Challengers should nonetheless notify the agency of the issue through the agency process described below, and include its litigation connection. (d) CUI designation indicator (mandatory). These are all the results of a negative feedback mechanism; the body is trying to return to a target value of 98.6F (37C). 2011, et seq. Lower levels of thyroid hormone are produced that slow the metabolic rate and reduce heat production inside the body. CUI Basic is the default set of standards authorized holders must apply to all CUI unless the CUI Registry annotates that CUI as CUI Specified. CMS encourages the public to submit comments to the Request for Information. h The fact that an agency designates or marks certain information as CUI does not determine whether an individual may lawfully disclose that information under a law or other authority, and does not preempt or otherwise affect whistleblower legal protections provided by law, regulation, or executive order or directive. Article. (m) The Archivist of the United States may decontrol records transferred to the National Archives in accordance with 2002.34, absent a specific agreement otherwise with the designating agency. (r) CUI Specified is the subset of CUI in which the authorizing law, regulation, or Government-wide policy contains specific handling controls that it requires or permits agencies to use that differ from those for CUI Basic. d In modeling the climates of other planets, studies have shown that the icealbedo feedback is much stronger on terrestrial planets that are orbiting stars (see: stellar classification) that have a high near-ultraviolet radiation. Without the comparator, the above thermoregulatory mechanism would be open-loop. Such an agreement may take any form the agency head approves, but when established, it must include a requirement to comply with Executive Order 13556, Controlled Unclassified Information, November 4, 2010 (3 CFR, 2011 Comp., p. 267) or any successor order (the Order), this part, and the CUI Registry. Thus, climate change models do not include them in their projections of 21st century climate change: experiments where they model the disappearance of those ice masses indicate that the total loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet adds 0.13C to global warming (with a range of 0.120.14C), while the loss of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet adds 0.05C (0.040.06C), and the loss of mountain glaciers adds 0.08C (0.070.09C). If you have questions for the Agency that issued the current document please contact the agency directly. 81 FR 63336, Sept. 14, 2016, unless otherwise noted. ), as amended. Authorized holders must safeguard CUI using one of the following types of standards: (1) CUI Basic. Both positive and negative feedback systems require three components to adjust specific physiological pathways: Signals can be sent via nerve pathways (action potentials and neurotransmitters) or via chemical signals (most commonly, hormones). One might expect exoplanets around other stars to also experience feedback processes caused by stellar radiation that affect the climate of the world. The Rulemaking Process Emissions monitoring & reporting - Climate Action [26], Several regime shifts are apparent both in the reconstructions and instrumental data, during the 20th century regime shifts associated with concurrent changes in SST, SLP, land precipitation and ocean cloud cover occurred in 1924/1925, 1945/1946, and 1976/1977:[27]. Control system (h) This part creates no right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. CUI Basic differs from CUI Specified (see definition for CUI Specified in this section), and CUI Basic controls apply whenever CUI Specified ones do not cover the involved CUI. (a) The CUI SAO must establish agency processes and criteria for reporting and investigating misuse of CUI. 3542(b)(2). (3) Notify authorized recipients and the public of these waivers. (3) CUI portion markings consist of the following elements: (i) The CUI control marking, which must be the acronym CUI; (ii) CUI category/subcategory portion markings (if required or permitted); and. This climate pattern also affects coastal sea and continental surface air temperatures from Alaska to California. (4) Reasonable expectation. [20], 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<0617:ASIVIT>2.0.CO;2, "The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979", "Arctic amplification is caused by sea-ice loss under increasing CO2", "Low Antarctic continental climate sensitivity due to high ice sheet orography", "Southern Ocean in-situ temperature trends over 25 years emerge from interannual variability", "Radiative Heating of an Ice-Free Arctic Ocean", "Observation-based selection of climate models projects Arctic ice-free summers around 2035", "Ice-free Arctic projections under the Paris Agreement", "Global warming due to loss of large ice masses and Arctic summer sea ice", "A Cloudier Picture of Ice-Albedo Feedback in CMIP6 Models", "Exceeding 1.5C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points", "Exceeding 1.5C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points paper explainer", "Can deglaciation trigger earthquakes in N. 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