The Centers for Disease Control informs us that this year, the flu season made its appearance a month earlier than usual. While vaccine effectiveness (VE) can vary, recent studies show that flu vaccination reduces the risk of flu illness by between 40% and 60% among the overall population during seasons when most circulating flu viruses are well-matched to those used to make flu vaccines. During seasons when flu vaccine viruses are similar to circulating flu viruses, flu vaccine has been shown to reduce the risk of having to go to the doctor with flu by40% to 60%. This means there is still the possibility that five times out of 100 (a 5% chance) the true VE value could fall outside of the 95% confidence interval. Even a 1- or 2-month delay in annual flu vaccination could improve vaccine effectiveness by 10% to 20%, according to the study, published August 15 in Clinical Infectious Diseases. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States During 2012-2013: Variable Protection by Age and Virus Type. While this seems to be a reduction of more than 50%, that . During the 2017-2018 flu season, for example, the vaccine was 38% effective.4 That season was severe among all age groups in the United States and led to an estimated 48.8 million cases of flu, 959,000 hospitalizations, and 79,400 deaths.5 Conversely, an estimated 7.1 million illnesses, 109,000 hospitalizations, and 8000 deaths were prevented as a result of flu vaccinations.1,4,5, In the next flu seasonfrom October 1, 2018, to May 4, 2019the CDC estimated that between 37.4 million and 42.9 million individuals in the United States contracted flu-related illnesses, which led to between 531,000 and 647,000 flu-related hospitalizations and 36,400 to 61,200 flu-related deaths.6 Interim estimates from the US Influenza VE Network for the 2018-2019 flu season indicate that the overall estimated effectiveness of the flu vaccine at preventing flu associated with attended acute respiratory illness was 47%.1, Patients who are at high risk of flu complications, including young children and adults 65 years and older, are at higher risk of hospitalization and morbidity, while most patients with the flu do not require medical attention and will recover within 2 weeks. Study results of vaccine effectiveness can vary based on the study design, the . Bach AT, Goad JA. Over the past few years, CDC has conducted VE studies using multiple vaccine effectiveness networks. Compared with other countries, China has a large population base and a large number of influenza cases and deaths. Flannery 2019 Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States During the 2016-2017 Season PubMed (nih.gov), Flannery 2020 Spread of Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses and Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States During the 2018-2019 Season PubMed (nih.gov), Gaglani 2016 Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Virus Differed by Vaccine Type During 2013-2014 in the United States PubMed (nih.gov). Flannery B, Clippard J, Zimmerman RK, Norwalk MP, Jackson ML, Jackson LA, Monto AS, Petrie JG, McLean HQ, Belongia EA, Gaglani M, Berman L, Foust A, Sessions W, Thaker SN, Spencer S, Fry AM. A very small percentage - just three per cent to date . Updated October 12, 2018. Updated December 18, 2018. How Flu Vaccine Effectiveness and Efficacy are Measured. Influenza viruses usually cause seasonal influenza epidemics and influenza pandemics, resulting in acute respiratory illness and, in severe cases, multiple organ complications and even death, posing a serious global and human health burden. Seasonal assessment of seasonal influenza vaccines among subjects with severe motor and intellectual disability found antibody efficacy was moderate against A/H1N1pdm among SMID subjects, but vaccine efficacy was low due to the reduced immunogenicity of SMIDs. The effects of vaccination measured in these studies is called vaccine efficacy. Randomized, placebo-controlled studies are expensive and are not conducted after a recommendation for vaccination has been issued, as withholding vaccine from people recommended for vaccination would place them at risk for infection, illness and possibly serious complications. Analyses of flu illnesses, medical visits, hospitalizations, and deaths are typically used to create season-specific data on burden of disease, vaccine coverage, and VE. How does CDC measure how well flu vaccines work? J Infect Dis. Public Health England (PHE) has today (Wednesday, 18 July 2018) published data on the effectiveness of the flu vaccine in the 2017 to 2018 season. Are flu vaccines effective against all types of flu and cold viruses? Flu VE Network, the Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN), the Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) network, the National Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN), and the VISION VE Network. Currently, influenza vaccination remains . This year's flu shot has a nearly 50% efficacy against hospitalization from the major strain of the flu . 1 Findings on the effectiveness of the flu vaccine have fluctuated from 2004 through 2018, based on reports from the US Influenza VE Network. During an average flu season, flu can cause millions of illnesses, hundreds of thousands of hospitalizations and tens of thousands of deaths. Ferdinands JM, Gaglani M, Martin ET, Middleton D, Monto AS, Murthy K, Silveira FP, Talbot HK, Zimmerman R, Alyanak E, Strickland C, Spencer S, Fry AM; HAIVEN Study Investigators. Influenza vaccine effectiveness against pediatric deaths: 2010-2014. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Confidence intervals are important because they provide context for understanding the precision or exactness of a VE point estimate. Since the agency began calculating the vaccine's effectiveness in 2004, the efficacy rate has been as high as 60 percent for the 2010-11 season and as low as 10 percent, during the first . CDC conducts studies each flu season to help determine how well flu vaccines are working. These vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies regularly assess the value of flu vaccination as a public health intervention. Preliminary flu vaccine effectiveness estimates for last year show that the vaccine reduced the risk of illness with H3N2 (the most common flu viruses this past season) viruses by about one-third (35%). Accessed May 28, 2019. Updated February 4, 2019. cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/averted-estimates.htm. I am limiting myself to the use of the vaccine in adults. These non-flu viruses include rhinovirus (one cause of the common cold) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which is the most common cause of severe respiratory illness in young children, and a major cause of severe respiratory illness in adults 65 years and older. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. More information on CDCs vaccine effectiveness networks and studies is available at CDCs Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Networks. For trivalent influenza vaccines for use in the U.S. for the 2022-2023 influenza season, depending on the manufacturing method of the vaccine, the committee recommended that the A(H1N1)pdm09, A . It also depends on your personal characteristics. To receive weekly email updates about Seasonal Flu, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. *References for the studies listed above can be found at Publications on Influenza Vaccine Benefits. You can review and change the way we collect information below. In randomized studies, flu vaccination is randomly assigned, and the number of people who get flu in the vaccinated group is compared to the number who get flu in the unvaccinated or placebo group. Flu vaccines also have reduced the risk of flu hospitalization among adults 65 years and older due to A(H1N1) and influenza B(2). Flu vaccine efficacy changes from year to year. CDC twenty four seven. Below is a summary of the benefits of flu vaccination and selected scientific studies that support these benefits. Treanor JJ, Talbot HK, Ohmit SE, et al. PubMed PMID: 21857999. Side effects of the nasal spray in children . Second, the protection you get from a flu vaccine lessens with time, especially in older adults. During seasons when the H3N2 vaccine component has been well-matched to the flu viruses circulating in the community, the benefit from flu vaccination has been higher. The lowest efficacy occurs when vaccine strains are not well matched to circulating strains. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. The efficacy of LAIV against influenza viruses antigenically similar to the vaccine was 42.3% (95% CI, 21.6-57.8%). Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Figure. But when the vaccine component was less similar to viruses in the community, the protection has dropped to 14% (2).For older adults, some studies have shown that some newer vaccines (the high-dose inactivated vaccine, the adjuvanted inactivated vaccine, and the recombinant influenza vaccine) might be more effective than standard-dose inactivated vaccines without an adjuvant. According to the CDC, antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria changes in some way to reduce or eliminate the effectiveness of the antibiotic. Given that a bad flu season can kill50,000 people in the United States alone, "10% to 60% protection is better thannothing," says . High-dose flu vaccines will be available for adults age 65 and older. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates for the 2008-2009 flu season have not been published. . Influenza Surveillance Report (FluView), Previous Forecasts for the 2021-2022 Season, Tools to Prepare Your Practice for Flu Season, Information for Clinicians on Influenza Virus Testing, Multiplex Assays Authorized for Simultaneous Detection of Influenza Viruses and SARS-CoV-2, Information on Collection of Respiratory Specimens for Influenza Virus Testing, Information for Clinicians on Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Influenza, Information on Rapid Molecular Assays, RT-PCR, and other Molecular Assays for Diagnosis of Influenza Virus Infection, Algorithm: Interpreting Influenza Testing Results When Influenza is Circulating, Algorithm: Interpreting Influenza Testing Results When Influenza is NOT Circulating, Guide: Influenza Diagnostic Testing in Closed Setting Outbreaks, Guidance: Standard-Based Electronic Laboratory Reporting, Guidance: Antiviral and Obstetric Health Care, Guidance: Outbreak Management in Long-Term Care Facilities, Guidance: Use of Mask to Control Influenza Transmission, Guidance: Prevention & Control in Peri- and Postpartum Settings, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Flu vaccine prevents millions of illnesses and flu-related doctors visits each year. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Immunizing Older Individuals Requires Flexibility, Nuance, The specific characteristics of the individual being vaccinated (eg, age, health), Correspondence between the flu viruses the vaccine is designed to protect against and the flu viruses being disseminated throughout the environment. In numerous studies since 2010, flu vaccines have helped protect older adults against influenza. However, in some seasons, partially vaccinated children still receive some protection. The large numbers of flu-associated illnesses and deaths in the United States, combined with the evidence from many studies that show flu vaccines help to protect against flu illness and its potentially serious complications, support the current U.S. flu vaccination recommendations. IVY consists of 21 large, adult hospitals in 20 U.S. cities and was originally created in 2019 to estimate how well the flu vaccine works at preventing severe flu illness among intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. For example, during2019-2020flu vaccination prevented an estimated 105,000 flu-related hospitalizations. Jackson ML, Chung JR, Jackson LA, Phillips CH, Benoit J, Monto AS, Martin ET, Belongia EA, McLean HQ, Gaglani M, Murthy K, Zimmerman R, Nowalk MP, Fry AM, Flannery B. N Engl J Med. Effectiveness Over Time. Influenza (flu) vaccine efficacy (VE) varies each season based on the circulating flu strains and the patients receiving the vaccination.1 Findings on the effectiveness of the flu vaccine have fluctuated from 2004 through 2018, based on reports from the US Influenza VE Network. CDC twenty four seven. *2020-2021 flu vaccine effectiveness was not estimated due to low flu virus circulation during the 2020-2021 flu season. In recent years, the flu shot has provided around 43% protection against disease. Epub 2011 Aug 12. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Reconstruction of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Virus, 2022-2023 Preliminary In-Season Burden Estimate, Who is at Higher Risk of Flu Complications, Flu and COVID-19 Vaccine Coadministration, Who Should & Who Should NOT Get Vaccinated, Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV)/Nasal Spray Vaccine, Selecting Viruses for the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine, Flu Vaccine and People with Egg Allergies, Frequently Asked Questions on Vaccine Supply, Historical Reference of Vaccine Doses Distributed, Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN), Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY), Respiratory Virus Transmission Network (RVTN), Randomized Assessment of Influenza Vaccine Efficacy Network (RAIVEN), How Vaccine Effectiveness and Efficacy are Measured, What People with a Staph Infection Should Know about Flu, Resources for Hosting a Vaccination Clinic, Overview of Influenza Surveillance in the United States, Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET), Weekly U.S. This year's annual flu shot will provide protection against four of the influenza viruses expected to be most common during this flu season. Conflicting results regarding the impact of repeated vaccination on influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) may cause confusion regarding the benefits of receiving the current season's vaccine. Effectiveness of Seasonal Flu Vaccines from the 2009-2022 Flu Seasons, Table. Given that a bad flu season can kill 50,000 people in the United States alone, "10% to 60% protection is better than nothing," says Michael Osterholm, an epidemiologist at the University of Minnesota in . You may wonder if the flu shot is effective this year (2021-2022). This fits with findings on immune response to vaccination that suggest repeated influenza vaccination can weaken the immune response to vaccination and especially to the H3N2 vaccine component. ), Download Vaccine Effectiveness PowerPoint Presentation Slides [PPT 982 KB]. Where the flu season stands now. However, protection against influenza A(H3N2) viruses has been less consistent. It contains purified capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcal serotypes conjugated to a carrier protein to improve antibody response compared to the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in the 2011-2012 season: protection against each circulating virus and the effect of prior vaccination on estimates. cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/effectiveness-studies.htm. What do recent vaccine effectiveness studies show? Because flu viruses and effectiveness of flu vaccines can vary from one season to another, it isnt known whether any one of these vaccines will always be more effective in every flu season. Sept 2017; 65: 381-394. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2017.09.010. The vaccine effectiveness estimates included in the chart and tables below are vaccine effectiveness estimates from the U.S. . Types. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Accessed May 23, 2019. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in Wisconsin during the 2007-08 season: comparison of interim and final results. Another way to look at this is that there is a 95% chance that the true VE lies within the range described by the confidence interval. There are many other viruses besides flu viruses that can result in flu-like illness* (also known as influenza-like illness or ILI) that spread during the flu season. Growth in eggs is part of the production process for most seasonal flu vaccines. The influenza vaccine's efficacy varies significantly from year to year (10-60%) with MOST pediatric deaths from influenza occurs . CDC supports continued efforts to monitor the effects of repeat vaccination each year in part to understand the immune response to repeat vaccination better. Influenza vaccination and mortality: differentiating vaccine effects from bias. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. You need a flu vaccine every year for two reasons. The networks investigators have found that on average, vaccination reduces the incidence of flu-like illness by approximately 40% to 60%.2 The breakdown of the effectiveness of flu vaccines per season from 2004 to 2018 can be seen in the figure.3. Similar studies are being done in Australia, Canada and Europe. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Third, flu vaccination has been shown in several studies to reduce severity of illness in people who get vaccinated but still get sick. Oct 25, 2011 (CIDRAP News) - A rigorous new analysis of 44 years' worth of studies is raising questions about the evidence for the effectiveness of influenza vaccines in elderly people and, for certain types of vaccines, in children and younger adults as well. Efficacy of LAIV was shown in nine (75%) of the 12 seasons analysed in ten randomised controlled trials (pooled efficacy 83% [69-91]) in children aged 6 months to 7 years. CDC website. Flannery B, Reynolds SB, Blanton L, et al. The effects of the vaccine generally only last through one flu season, which is about six months long. When flu vaccines are not well matched to one or more circulating influenza viruses, it is possible that vaccination may provide little or no protection from illness caused by those viruses, but still provide protection against other flu viruses that circulate during the season. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. D04536. For example, the flu shot seems to work best for people younger than 65, especially adult women. Flu vaccine prevents tens of thousands of hospitalizations each year. Key takeaways: There are nine flu vaccines available for the 2022-2023 flu season. That's part of the reason you need one every year. public confidence was restored after the publication of a national reassessment of vaccine efficacy. How are benefits of vaccination measured? VE Network. Approximately one-half of the contents should be administered into each nostril. Accessed May 24, 2019. CDC conducts studies each year to determine how well influenza (flu) vaccines protect against flu. Ideally . Interim estimates of 2018-19 seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness United States, February 2019. Kim SS, Flannery B, Foppa IM, Chung JR, Nowalk MP, Zimmerman RK, Gaglani M, Monto AS, Martin ET, Belongia EA, McLean HQ, Jackson ML, Jackson LA, Patel M. Effects of Prior Season Vaccination on Current Season Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States Flu Vaccine Effectiveness Network, 2012-2013 Through 2017-2018. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Epub 2013 Nov 13. Even last year the shot was "not a very good match," yet with COVID-19 precautions in place, numbers were so low the CDC didn't even bother to estimate efficacy for that year. First Phase 3 efficacy study to be conducted using an mRNA-based influenza vaccine; study will enroll 25,000 U.S. adults 18 years and older. How well flu vaccines work (or their ability to protect against a certain outcome) can vary from season to season. Doyle JD, Chung JR, Kim SS, et al. The measurement of vaccine effects in an observational study is referred to as vaccine effectiveness.. It's safe to get vaccinated against both viruses at the same time. Number of patients used in VE calculation. What are the benefits of flu vaccination? The confidence interval provides a lower boundary for the VE estimate (e.g., 50%) as well as an upper boundary (e.g., 70%). Intervals are important because they provide context for understanding the precision or exactness of a VE point estimate Seasonal... But still get sick and tens of thousands of hospitalizations each year in part to understand the immune response repeat. Influenza a ( H3N2 ) viruses has been shown in several studies to or! 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