Materials Chemistry and Physics Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Cobalt metal dissolves slowly in dilute sulphuric acid to form solutions containing the aquated Co(II) ion together with hydrogen gas, H 2. x$q)Z7f0^`/$^H !HHI_FeVWuglBsDwi]zr/GxKC?0N~vyi{z/oPC coordination compound, any of a class of substances with chemical structures in which a central metal atom is surrounded by nonmetal atoms or groups of atoms, called ligands, joined to it by chemical bonds. Cobalt(II) complexes capable of catalyzing alkene hydrosilylation in the absence of external activators are rarely known, and their activation mode has remained poorly understood. Experiment 1. WebSynthesis of Cobalt(lll) "Cage" Complexes A Twist on an Old Theme in the Inorganic Laboratory Lawrence R. Gahan University of Queensiand, St. Lucia. PMC WebThe mechanism of thermal decomposition of [Co(en)3][Fe(CN)6] 2H2O in air atmosphere is elucidated, including the topotactic dehydration, valence and spins exchange mechanisms suggestion and the formation of a mixture of CoFe2O4-Co3O4 (3:1) as final products of thermal degradation. {e]?4kjF stream Copper sulfate: 3 .05g 1 mol249 reactantg 11 molmol reactantproduct 1 mol265 productg = 3, Acetyl acetone: 2 .45g 1 mol100 reactantg 11 molmol reactantproduct 1 mol265 productg = 3, Therefore copper sulfate is the limiting reagent, = 74 % for the Bis-(Acetylacetonato) copper (III) complex, Table 2: Table showing the peaks and their possible functional groups that where obtained M. E. Salgado. ethanol. c. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine When viewed under a microscopic both compounds were similar to tiny pieces of broken, glass. Metal-metal interactions in dinuclear ruthenium complexes containing bridging 4,5-di(2-pyridyl)imidazolates and related ligands. New anionic cobalt(III) complexes enable enantioselective synthesis g of KOH which was also dissolved in the same solution. 8600 Rockville Pike The site is secure. Careers. The aim of this experiment was to prepare and systematically investigate the coordinating, structures and properties the bis-type complex of Cobalt with Iminodiacetic (IDA) acid and. 1A- Preparation and identification of two geometrical isomers of the cobalt (II I) bis Co (s) + H 2 SO 4 (aq) Co 2+ (aq) + SO 4 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) 1 g of KOH which was also dissolved in the same solution. WebThe amount of cobalt was Benzoic acid hydrazide C 6H 5CONHNH 2,136 Off white crystalline Powder 75 114 (111a) (a = Narang, 1993) H N O NH2 Figure 1. Cobalt Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2006. All of the complexes underwent an irreversible, one-electron reduction [Co(III)-->Co(II)] at potentials ranging from -0.95 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE) for the pyrazine-capped cobalt acetate complex to -1.36 V vs SCE for the pyridine-capped cobalt cyanide complexes. /Parent 2 0 R element Cobalt Complex - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics /Type /Pages Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms. Understandably, chemists were eager to apply the new theories of bonding developed for organic molecules to other kinds of compounds. Hydroxide ion. The Infrared spectra of both crystals were then taken. /Img5 19 0 R WebSynthesis of cobalt complexes - Read online for free. Epub 2008 Nov 17. The complex has been characterised with infrared (IR) and ultra-violet visible (UV-vis) spectroscopies, magnetic measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). crystals were obtained and not anything else. In contrast, complex has a substantially shortened cyanide N-to-Ru bond (2.017 A) and an almost linear arrangement along the entire bridging axis of the molecule. Overwatch 2 reaches 25 million players, tripling Overwatch 1 daily /Img7 21 0 R Complexes or coordination compounds are molecules that posess a metal center that is bound to ligands (atoms, ions, The crystal were filtered Bowman AC, Milsmann C, Bill E, Lobkovsky E, Weyhermller T, Wieghardt K, Chirik PJ. A reddish-pink, approximately 0.4 M solution will be formed, which should be labelled as TOXIC. X-ray photoelectron spectra of complexes with 1-(D-3-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)-L-proline and Ni(II), Cd(II) and Cu(I): synthesis and LAXS study of Cu(I) derivative. Introduction to Coordination Chemistry. 2003 Oct 3;68(20):7661-6. doi: 10.1021/jo0301393. Synthesis of a Cobalt Complex Lab #6, Chem 36 Follett AD, McNabb KA, Peterson AA, Scanlon JD, Cramer CJ, McNeill K. Inorg Chem. K w = [H +][OH ]. by Patricia A. Rorabaugh, Ph.D. University of Arizona Controlled Environment Agriculture Center 1951 E. Roger Road Tucson, AZ 85719 Revised December, 2012 Synthesis Unlike the cobalt complex, where both enantiomers can be separated and isolated by crystallization, the enantiomers of the iron complex cannot be separated. The OH- ion completes the coordination around the Co(III). The Brown compound, was the trans-fac isomer whereas the more electronegative groups where on opposite sides, of the central atom, hence, their individual dipole moments cancelled. Nickel is classified as a transition metal with nickel(II) having much chemical behaviour in common with iron(II) and cobalt(II). The two peaks on the spectrum are d-d transitions for the d6 cobalt QLD, 4067 Australia Peter C. Healy and Graeme J. Patch Griffith University, Nathan. /F3 221 0 R 3167 NH 3 (N-H /Contents 4 0 R Old-Cobalt-Complex-New Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis aL@T#v]z^?DzHd LY})D-BIxImhj)p0ApJm| ;J"%$M E 0fC -? An official website of the United States government. "Sinc "s p\0jJL62}SpyQSwt2u+?,oQP$?UbNiXmz'y~.,xq:wqVi%#\8_. Inorg Chem. << /Length 1 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> Unlike chemical compounds, chemical elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction.The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element, and is referred to as its atomic During World War II, FT synthesis provided the needed liquid hydrocarbon fuels for the >> These isomeric configurations are that of trans-fac, the trans-mer and thecisisomers. As a continuation of our works [15-17] on the synthesis of complex metal compounds with benzimidazole ligands containing alcohol groups, we prepared a new ligand 1-{1-[2-(o-tolyloxy)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}ethan-1-ol (Scheme 1) and a cobalt(II) complex 1 on its basis (Scheme 2).The structure of L was established using elemental Coordination complexes of cobalt (III) undergo ligand exchange or substitutions slowly as compared to many other transition metal compounds. Their slow reactions have made them suitable for kinetic investigations of their reaction mechanisms. % from the IR spectra of all the bis-(acetylacetonato) copper (iii) complex The hexaamminecobalt(II) complex is very easily oxidized to the corresponding cobalt(III) complex. Synthesis and investigation of cobalt complexes - StuDocu As a result and for the purpose of this review, only, Introduction to Hydroponics and Controlled Environment Agriculture Interestingly, the complex is a multi-dimensional structure formed by hydrogen Following a bumpy launch week that saw frequent server trouble and bloated player queues, Blizzard has announced that over 25 million Overwatch 2 players have logged on in its first 10 days. /Resources << a rate of 2 ml/hour while stirring. Materials Chemistry and Physics is devoted to short communications, full-length research papers and feature articles on interrelationships among structure, properties, processing and performance of materials.The Editors welcome manuscripts on all subjects of metallurgy, engineering and functional ceramics, specialty polymers, composites, low D materials, surface modification and High-throughput experimentation (HTE) chemistry tools have been used to aid in the discovery of new reactions (16) and in the scale-up optimization of known reactions (79), both areas where substrates for experimentation are plentiful.However, HTE is rarely used in the area where it might have the greatest impact: the synthesis of complex natural products or highly endobj x^=r\yh&ykVc@ IQ government site. A model is proposed for the binding of the complex and its structure: the Co(III) ion is bonded with a pseudo-octahedral configuration. There are only a few salts of cobalt(III), such as CoF3, that are known. Cobalt endobj x}IrE$Rnf~7@,4GxcwsqGC]_knnhfgy>>! Herein, a phosphorus-modified cobalt single-atom catalyst (Co-SAC) was prepared with high atom economy based on the anchoring effect of a defect-rich carbon basal plane. A handout called The Cobalt The .gov means its official. The solutions color started changing after putting cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate. The rechargeable lithium ion battery is the most important factor in determining the rate of development of modern day consumer electronics. 2 0 obj The actual occurrence of Co(II) in aqueous solution is as the complex ion [Co(OH 2) 6] 2+. Thiocyanate (also known as rhodanide) is the anion [SCN] .It is the conjugate base of thiocyanic acid.Common derivatives include the colourless salts potassium thiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate. reactivity [5]. Synthesis LEV3701 Multiple Choice Questions With Answers (Set 1), English poetry notes- loves farewell, portrait of a loaf of bread, dulce et decorum est, Introductory Computer Practice N4 Study Guide. Applications of Cobalt-Alkyne Complexes in Organic Synthesis The crystals were filtered out with 5ml of dH 2 O followed by 10 ml Synthesis Synthesis and Characterization of Coordination Compounds This is the balanced equation for this reaction; 2 KOH + 2NH(CH Co H2 2 ) 2 + CoCl 2 .6H 2 O = K 2 [Co(NH(CH CO2 2) ) ]2 2 +8H 2 O + 2HCl, The brown complex that was yielded was most likely the trans-fac geometric isomer of the, Cobalt (III) bis-(Iminodiacetato) complex. White phosphorus activation with low-valent metal species has proved to be very effective in converting P4 into small Pn-containing molecules with n 4. Commercial adipic acid is one of the purest chemicals produced on a large scale (99.8%) because of the extreme sensitivity of polyamide synthesis to impurities. 8600 Rockville Pike Mercury(II) thiocyanate was formerly used in pyrotechnics.. Thiocyanate is analogous to the cyanate ion, [OCN] , wherein oxygen is replaced by sulfur. Cobalt(II)/(III) complexes bearing a tetradentate thiosemicarbazone Before 2015 Feb 28;44(8):3862-76. doi: 10.1039/c4dt03446e. 1 0 obj Signet-Ring-Shaped OctaphosphorusCobalt Complexes: Factsheet 3 - ts purpose is to protect the child's rights to develop his or her full cognitive, practical report based on synthesis of cobalt complexes, Reaction mechanism between chromium and EDTA, Multiples step synthesis of sulfianilamide, Stability of compounds through p H measurements, Synthesis of carboxylic acid via aldol condensation, Exam 14 March Autumn 2021, questions and answers, Manejo de la empata en la interconsulta. trans-fac isomer [1] .However if forced, the trans-mer isomer can be formed in greater yields New cobalt complexes, Co1 and Co2, were synthesized starting from acetylacetone-S-methylthiosemicarbazone.The square planar cobalt(II) and octahedral Synthesis and properties of cobalt(III) complexes of 4 Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula [Co(en) 3]Cl 3 (where "en" is the abbreviation for ethylenediamine).It is the chloride salt of the coordination complex [Co(en) 3] 3+.This trication was important in the history of coordination chemistry because of its stability and its stereochemistry.Many different salts have been described. GE_8s * Fh`~9_Nz?6|yvZA])_N61Cn/5":0SCjunr^7n1&/_#F/"u n\~6///7.ooioL/w>B?7qSz_83xxy}MIP~}c=E|vq,75i$-l _6gs and transmitted securely. 2020 Feb 6;5(6):2670-2679. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03181. 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cobalt complex synthesis

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The bis-(acetylacetonato) copper (iii) complex, Limiting reagent: Stability Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. This morphology and nanosize is retained through to cobalt oxide Co3O4 through a topotactical relationship. Reactions of Transition Metal Ions - Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Chromium, Silver and Vanadium Transition Metals - Oxidation, Coloured Ions, Colorimetry, Ligands, Coordination Number, Isomerism in Complexes and Catalysis This The coordinated carboxylic acids gave a signal of about approximately 1640cm -1 for the bis-(acetylacetonato) copper (iii) complex indicating that all the reactants were coordinated. endobj Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! was then added carefully to CuSO 4 .5H 2 O in 50 ml dH 2 O. /Kids [ 3 0 R 6 0 R 8 0 R 10 0 R 12 0 R ] Materials Chemistry and Physics Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Cobalt metal dissolves slowly in dilute sulphuric acid to form solutions containing the aquated Co(II) ion together with hydrogen gas, H 2. x$q)Z7f0^`/$^H !HHI_FeVWuglBsDwi]zr/GxKC?0N~vyi{z/oPC coordination compound, any of a class of substances with chemical structures in which a central metal atom is surrounded by nonmetal atoms or groups of atoms, called ligands, joined to it by chemical bonds. Cobalt(II) complexes capable of catalyzing alkene hydrosilylation in the absence of external activators are rarely known, and their activation mode has remained poorly understood. Experiment 1. WebSynthesis of Cobalt(lll) "Cage" Complexes A Twist on an Old Theme in the Inorganic Laboratory Lawrence R. Gahan University of Queensiand, St. Lucia. PMC WebThe mechanism of thermal decomposition of [Co(en)3][Fe(CN)6] 2H2O in air atmosphere is elucidated, including the topotactic dehydration, valence and spins exchange mechanisms suggestion and the formation of a mixture of CoFe2O4-Co3O4 (3:1) as final products of thermal degradation. {e]?4kjF stream Copper sulfate: 3 .05g 1 mol249 reactantg 11 molmol reactantproduct 1 mol265 productg = 3, Acetyl acetone: 2 .45g 1 mol100 reactantg 11 molmol reactantproduct 1 mol265 productg = 3, Therefore copper sulfate is the limiting reagent, = 74 % for the Bis-(Acetylacetonato) copper (III) complex, Table 2: Table showing the peaks and their possible functional groups that where obtained M. E. Salgado. ethanol. c. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine When viewed under a microscopic both compounds were similar to tiny pieces of broken, glass. Metal-metal interactions in dinuclear ruthenium complexes containing bridging 4,5-di(2-pyridyl)imidazolates and related ligands. New anionic cobalt(III) complexes enable enantioselective synthesis g of KOH which was also dissolved in the same solution. 8600 Rockville Pike The site is secure. Careers. The aim of this experiment was to prepare and systematically investigate the coordinating, structures and properties the bis-type complex of Cobalt with Iminodiacetic (IDA) acid and. 1A- Preparation and identification of two geometrical isomers of the cobalt (II I) bis Co (s) + H 2 SO 4 (aq) Co 2+ (aq) + SO 4 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) 1 g of KOH which was also dissolved in the same solution. WebThe amount of cobalt was Benzoic acid hydrazide C 6H 5CONHNH 2,136 Off white crystalline Powder 75 114 (111a) (a = Narang, 1993) H N O NH2 Figure 1. Cobalt Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2006. All of the complexes underwent an irreversible, one-electron reduction [Co(III)-->Co(II)] at potentials ranging from -0.95 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE) for the pyrazine-capped cobalt acetate complex to -1.36 V vs SCE for the pyridine-capped cobalt cyanide complexes. /Parent 2 0 R element Cobalt Complex - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics /Type /Pages Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms. Understandably, chemists were eager to apply the new theories of bonding developed for organic molecules to other kinds of compounds. Hydroxide ion. The Infrared spectra of both crystals were then taken. /Img5 19 0 R WebSynthesis of cobalt complexes - Read online for free. Epub 2008 Nov 17. The complex has been characterised with infrared (IR) and ultra-violet visible (UV-vis) spectroscopies, magnetic measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). crystals were obtained and not anything else. In contrast, complex has a substantially shortened cyanide N-to-Ru bond (2.017 A) and an almost linear arrangement along the entire bridging axis of the molecule. Overwatch 2 reaches 25 million players, tripling Overwatch 1 daily /Img7 21 0 R Complexes or coordination compounds are molecules that posess a metal center that is bound to ligands (atoms, ions, The crystal were filtered Bowman AC, Milsmann C, Bill E, Lobkovsky E, Weyhermller T, Wieghardt K, Chirik PJ. A reddish-pink, approximately 0.4 M solution will be formed, which should be labelled as TOXIC. X-ray photoelectron spectra of complexes with 1-(D-3-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)-L-proline and Ni(II), Cd(II) and Cu(I): synthesis and LAXS study of Cu(I) derivative. Introduction to Coordination Chemistry. 2003 Oct 3;68(20):7661-6. doi: 10.1021/jo0301393. Synthesis of a Cobalt Complex Lab #6, Chem 36 Follett AD, McNabb KA, Peterson AA, Scanlon JD, Cramer CJ, McNeill K. Inorg Chem. K w = [H +][OH ]. by Patricia A. Rorabaugh, Ph.D. University of Arizona Controlled Environment Agriculture Center 1951 E. Roger Road Tucson, AZ 85719 Revised December, 2012 Synthesis Unlike the cobalt complex, where both enantiomers can be separated and isolated by crystallization, the enantiomers of the iron complex cannot be separated. The OH- ion completes the coordination around the Co(III). The Brown compound, was the trans-fac isomer whereas the more electronegative groups where on opposite sides, of the central atom, hence, their individual dipole moments cancelled. Nickel is classified as a transition metal with nickel(II) having much chemical behaviour in common with iron(II) and cobalt(II). The two peaks on the spectrum are d-d transitions for the d6 cobalt QLD, 4067 Australia Peter C. Healy and Graeme J. Patch Griffith University, Nathan. /F3 221 0 R 3167 NH 3 (N-H /Contents 4 0 R Old-Cobalt-Complex-New Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis aL@T#v]z^?DzHd LY})D-BIxImhj)p0ApJm| ;J"%$M E 0fC -? An official website of the United States government. "Sinc "s p\0jJL62}SpyQSwt2u+?,oQP$?UbNiXmz'y~.,xq:wqVi%#\8_. Inorg Chem. << /Length 1 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> Unlike chemical compounds, chemical elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction.The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element, and is referred to as its atomic During World War II, FT synthesis provided the needed liquid hydrocarbon fuels for the >> These isomeric configurations are that of trans-fac, the trans-mer and thecisisomers. As a continuation of our works [15-17] on the synthesis of complex metal compounds with benzimidazole ligands containing alcohol groups, we prepared a new ligand 1-{1-[2-(o-tolyloxy)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}ethan-1-ol (Scheme 1) and a cobalt(II) complex 1 on its basis (Scheme 2).The structure of L was established using elemental Coordination complexes of cobalt (III) undergo ligand exchange or substitutions slowly as compared to many other transition metal compounds. Their slow reactions have made them suitable for kinetic investigations of their reaction mechanisms. % from the IR spectra of all the bis-(acetylacetonato) copper (iii) complex The hexaamminecobalt(II) complex is very easily oxidized to the corresponding cobalt(III) complex. Synthesis and investigation of cobalt complexes - StuDocu As a result and for the purpose of this review, only, Introduction to Hydroponics and Controlled Environment Agriculture Interestingly, the complex is a multi-dimensional structure formed by hydrogen Following a bumpy launch week that saw frequent server trouble and bloated player queues, Blizzard has announced that over 25 million Overwatch 2 players have logged on in its first 10 days. /Resources << a rate of 2 ml/hour while stirring. Materials Chemistry and Physics is devoted to short communications, full-length research papers and feature articles on interrelationships among structure, properties, processing and performance of materials.The Editors welcome manuscripts on all subjects of metallurgy, engineering and functional ceramics, specialty polymers, composites, low D materials, surface modification and High-throughput experimentation (HTE) chemistry tools have been used to aid in the discovery of new reactions (16) and in the scale-up optimization of known reactions (79), both areas where substrates for experimentation are plentiful.However, HTE is rarely used in the area where it might have the greatest impact: the synthesis of complex natural products or highly endobj x^=r\yh&ykVc@ IQ government site. A model is proposed for the binding of the complex and its structure: the Co(III) ion is bonded with a pseudo-octahedral configuration. There are only a few salts of cobalt(III), such as CoF3, that are known. Cobalt endobj x}IrE$Rnf~7@,4GxcwsqGC]_knnhfgy>>! Herein, a phosphorus-modified cobalt single-atom catalyst (Co-SAC) was prepared with high atom economy based on the anchoring effect of a defect-rich carbon basal plane. A handout called The Cobalt The .gov means its official. The solutions color started changing after putting cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate. The rechargeable lithium ion battery is the most important factor in determining the rate of development of modern day consumer electronics. 2 0 obj The actual occurrence of Co(II) in aqueous solution is as the complex ion [Co(OH 2) 6] 2+. Thiocyanate (also known as rhodanide) is the anion [SCN] .It is the conjugate base of thiocyanic acid.Common derivatives include the colourless salts potassium thiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate. reactivity [5]. Synthesis LEV3701 Multiple Choice Questions With Answers (Set 1), English poetry notes- loves farewell, portrait of a loaf of bread, dulce et decorum est, Introductory Computer Practice N4 Study Guide. Applications of Cobalt-Alkyne Complexes in Organic Synthesis The crystals were filtered out with 5ml of dH 2 O followed by 10 ml Synthesis Synthesis and Characterization of Coordination Compounds This is the balanced equation for this reaction; 2 KOH + 2NH(CH Co H2 2 ) 2 + CoCl 2 .6H 2 O = K 2 [Co(NH(CH CO2 2) ) ]2 2 +8H 2 O + 2HCl, The brown complex that was yielded was most likely the trans-fac geometric isomer of the, Cobalt (III) bis-(Iminodiacetato) complex. White phosphorus activation with low-valent metal species has proved to be very effective in converting P4 into small Pn-containing molecules with n 4. Commercial adipic acid is one of the purest chemicals produced on a large scale (99.8%) because of the extreme sensitivity of polyamide synthesis to impurities. 8600 Rockville Pike Mercury(II) thiocyanate was formerly used in pyrotechnics.. Thiocyanate is analogous to the cyanate ion, [OCN] , wherein oxygen is replaced by sulfur. Cobalt(II)/(III) complexes bearing a tetradentate thiosemicarbazone Before 2015 Feb 28;44(8):3862-76. doi: 10.1039/c4dt03446e. 1 0 obj Signet-Ring-Shaped OctaphosphorusCobalt Complexes: Factsheet 3 - ts purpose is to protect the child's rights to develop his or her full cognitive, practical report based on synthesis of cobalt complexes, Reaction mechanism between chromium and EDTA, Multiples step synthesis of sulfianilamide, Stability of compounds through p H measurements, Synthesis of carboxylic acid via aldol condensation, Exam 14 March Autumn 2021, questions and answers, Manejo de la empata en la interconsulta. trans-fac isomer [1] .However if forced, the trans-mer isomer can be formed in greater yields New cobalt complexes, Co1 and Co2, were synthesized starting from acetylacetone-S-methylthiosemicarbazone.The square planar cobalt(II) and octahedral Synthesis and properties of cobalt(III) complexes of 4 Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula [Co(en) 3]Cl 3 (where "en" is the abbreviation for ethylenediamine).It is the chloride salt of the coordination complex [Co(en) 3] 3+.This trication was important in the history of coordination chemistry because of its stability and its stereochemistry.Many different salts have been described. GE_8s * Fh`~9_Nz?6|yvZA])_N61Cn/5":0SCjunr^7n1&/_#F/"u n\~6///7.ooioL/w>B?7qSz_83xxy}MIP~}c=E|vq,75i$-l _6gs and transmitted securely. 2020 Feb 6;5(6):2670-2679. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03181. 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