Science on energy conservation and development of domestic energy sources. Rules even protect capitalists by creating a solid environment for their business. Many areas are going through transformation that I elsewhere have called megachanges, and these shifts have created enormous anger, anxiety, and confusion.32 In a time of considerable turmoil, it is vital to have a healthy Fourth Estate that is independent of public authorities. oil consumption and dwindling domestic reserves, found itself more reliant on There should be money to support partnerships between journalists, businesses, educational institutions, and nonprofit organizations to encourage news literacy. The 1973 Oil Embargo acutely strained a U.S. economy that had grown increasingly dependent on foreign oil. Brookings Such public engagement will also improve data over time by informing what matters, how it gets measured, and how best to encourage the effective and creative use of data (such as through open data. inherent in peace talks to end the war that were coupled with negotiations with Adding accountability mechanisms and mobilizing support for better results. In Ukraine, an organization known as StopFake relies upon peer-to-peer counter propaganda to dispel false stories. Bolstered by the movement for racial justice, Joe Bidens 2020 presidential victory spurred action for achieving greater equity in government programs and identifying biases, discrimination, and other drivers of inequity in government practices. European Union fiscal rules: is a better system feasible? peace deal failed to materialize, the prospect of a negotiated end to All of this work builds on pioneering efforts by leaders, advocates, and institutions across the country, particularly at the local level. Like the first common thread, this one is not entirely new. Eugenio Tacchini, Gabriele Ballarin, Marco Della Vedova, Stefano Moret, and Luca de Alfaro, Some Like It Hoax: Automated Fake News Detection in Social Networks, Jason Schwartz, Study: Tagging Fake News on Facebook Doesnt Work,, Mike Isaac, Facebook Mounts Effort to Limit Tide of Fake News,, Zhixiong Liao, An Economic Analysis on Internet Regulation in China and Proposals to Policy and Law Makers,, Joseph Kahne and Benjamin Bowyer, Educating for Democracy in a Partisan Age: Confronting the Challenges of Motivated Reasoning and Misinformation,. The efforts of President Richard M. Nixons This effort drew energy and lessons from years of work by advocates and local governments at the forefront of change across the country, as we detail below. SROs recognized by the SEC and CFTC have been and continue to be critical to the regulation of our securities and derivatives markets. Conversely, as mentioned in our introduction, the federal governments Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool, released in a beta version for comment in February, is not an allocation plan but a geospatial analytic tool to inform resource allocation. Were very much of the same mind, Musk promised, explaining he would be exactly aligned with the EU rules requiring content moderation. There are innovations in fake news and hoax detection that are useful to media platforms. Obeying the EUs rules will probably help with advertising revenue but will put him in conflict with his absolutist constituency and perhaps even stoke the politics of America First. Equity impact assessment can and should be embraced by a bigger tent of allies, because it makes better, more innovative government possible. Many earlier-generation equity analyses did not do this explicitly, if at all. Brookings Could Call of Duty doom the Activision Blizzard deal? - Protocol This has been done in ad hoc ways for laws, regulations, spending plans, and other instruments of policy for decades. broader impact of these factors set in throughout the United States, it To some degree, this will always be true in a democratic society. showing systemic and costly racial biases in the home appraisal industry. leverage. This allowed him to integrate text and analysis, and identify stories that rely on false information. Summary of Duties: This position assists in the development, implementation, and execution of a comprehensive strategic event and facility management plan for all home athletic events in accordance with NCAA, Pac-12, WSU and State of Washington bylaws, rules, regulations, policies and procedures as approved by the Assistant Director of Athletics, Event The UIC Department of Intercollegiate Athletics invites applications for the Assistant Coach, Sports Performance position to join our team of dedicated and highly skilled professionals. With the edition of 1890, the dictionary was retitled Webster's International. Possible explanations and policy responses, Hutchins Center Working Paper 22 (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, September 2016), p. 4. Our research has turned up many creative examples of new or enhanced tools in use, as outlined in the typology. Another set of legislature-centered efforts is analyses by external watchdog groups of annual budget proposalsa broader, albeit unofficial kind of scoring. 19731974 also clarified the need to reconcile U.S. support for Israel to There is also a startling partisan divide in public assessments. The fact is the industry today does not comply with investor protection standards comparable to other financial markets, and hundreds of thousands of people have suffered losses. Its 332-acre main campus, located on the Southern tip of Nevada in a desert valley surrounded by mountains, is home to more than 350 undergraduate and graduate degrees, all accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. In other words, equity analysis has long been more than backward-looking and diagnostic. Are equity-focused efforts, at any level of government, best housed in existing agencies like a budget bureau, human resources, or contract compliance unit? neighbors. But we should not think of it only in terms of the inner workings of government agencies. So far, Mr. Musk has been more freewheeling than surefooted in meeting his new challenge. Many of these changes were in formatting, omitting needless punctuation, or avoiding complete sentences when a phrase was sufficient. False information is dangerous because of its ability to affect public opinion and electoral discourse. Research by Dartmouth College Professor Brendan Nyhan has found that labeling a Facebook post as disputed reduces the percentage of readers believing the false news by 10 percentage points.33 In addition, Melissa Zimdars, a communication and media professor at Merrimack College, has created a list of 140 websites that use distorted headlines and decontextualized or dubious information.34 This helps people track promulgators of false news. Rigorous and diligent analysis of monetary and fiscal policy as well as structural policies that contribute to economic policy post-pandemic. And it is very much a work in progress. This work features a, guidance, offering a form of equity assessment for the preparation of agency spending proposals. , with legislative process rules such as points of order tied to the CBOs findings. 2) Governments should avoid crackdowns on the news medias ability to cover the news. NCAA Cars wait in long lines during the gas shortage. Finally, individuals should follow a diversity of news sources, and be skeptical of what they read and watch. But foundational work preceded and informed much of that, especially the work of the, (GARE), a project of Race Forward and the University of California, Berkeleys Othering and Belonging Institute. But a clear lesson from our history is that such shifts in public attitudes do not automatically lead to institutional reforms. In 1806, Webster published his first dictionary, A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language. Similarly, California has published the. Driven by foreign actors, citizen journalism, and the proliferation of talk radio and cable news, many information systems have become more polarized and contentious, and there has been a precipitous decline in public trust in traditional journalism. , which maps indicators such as childrens lead risk from housing, water contaminants, and air quality by detailed substate geography, including disadvantaged communities. Former FCC Commissioner Tom Wheeler argues that public interest algorithms can aid in identifying and publicizing fake news posts and therefore be a valuable tool to protect consumers.39. "Sinc Pew Research Center, Digital News Fact Sheet, August 7, 2017. For example, it is possible to sign up for news alerts from many organizations so that people hear news relevant to their particular interests. High-capacity broadband infrastructure will be a key enabler of a forward-looking recovery after COVID-19. Everyone has a responsibility to combat the scourge of fake news. The administration has also launched a number of special initiatives. The Justice40 pledge and screener tool foreground a larger need to which we return below: Government leaders need to better demonstrate and explain how these kinds of tools will combine with regulatory design, operational capacity building, and other essential efforts to shift outcomesi.e., to deliver greater equity, not just plan for it. Around the halls: What do the midterm elections mean for tech policy. The rise of, and other user-centered design methods in businessfor example, to create demonstrably better products and delivery systemsand growing interest in. These efforts combine the rating of budgets with recommended policy alternatives to further racial equity in specific ways. The embargo both banned petroleum exports to the Chris Jackson of Ipsos Public Affairs undertook a survey that found fake news headlines fool American adults about 75 percent of the time and fake news was remembered by a significant portion of the electorate and those stories were seen as credible.14 Another online survey of 1,200 individuals after the election by Hunt Allcott and Matthew Gentzkow found that half of those who saw these fake stories believed their content.15, False news stories are not just a problem in the United States, but afflict other countries around the world. the Secretary of State, Travels of Applying equity assessment and equity-centered practices to infrastructure is important when looking forward, but also when considering the lasting damage urban renewal and other capital programs have done in low-income communities and communities of color. In sum, community advocates and pathbreaking governments have gone from conceptual framework to concrete and innovative practice in just a few years and in a remarkable range of ways. Note: I wish to thank Hillary Schaub and Quinn Bornstein for their valuable research assistance. The Gallup Poll asked a number of Americans over the past two decades how much trust and confidence they have in mass media reporting the news fully, accurately, and fairly. Our research has turned up many creative examples of new or enhanced tools in use, as outlined in the typology. In order to educate users about news sites that are created to mislead, nonprofit organizations such as Politifact, Factcheck.org, and Snopes judge the accuracy of leader claims and write stories detailing the truth or lack thereof of particular developments. Tobias Trger, It is important for news organizations to call out fake news and disinformation without legitimizing them. This worsens skills gaps and income inequality. Investigative journalists would cram the jails.28, In a situation of false information, it is tempting for legal authorities to deal with offensive content and false news by forbidding or regulating it. embargo to other countries that supported Israel including the Netherlands, But state-level budget assessment and advocacy work are strikingly difficult due to the lack of transparency in budget deliberations. Grgory Claeys, Office of the Historian And in April of this year, the administration released the first equity action plans for federal agencies, based on the previously mentioned executive order and a year of internal review. Wikipedia is another platform that does this. How should EU policymakers tackle the growing problem of climate migration? Effective equity practice will need to work with public agencies to overcome defensiveness and fear of failure and criticism, and also to confront a lack of knowledge about systemic racism or biases and overt resistance to operating differently. For the past decade, the development of appropriate regulatory standards for the crypto industry has been hampered by interminable debates over whether particular digital assets are securities or commodities or something else. The typology we propose here centers on functioni.e., what exactly the tool is intended to inform or trigger. It is important to weaken financial incentives for bad content, especially false news and disinformation, as the manufacturing of fake news is often financially motivated. S. Tessmann, Environmental assessment, Technical Appendix E in: Environmental use sector reconnaissance elements of the Western Dakotas region of South Dakota study (Water Resources Institute, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA, 1980). From the standpoint of justice, an equity EISlike other equity impact assessments and environmental impact assessmentsis meant to promote procedural as well as substantive fairness. Since 2009, all new entries are recorded in an electronic database. Support for this publication was generously provided by Facebook. The strains on U.S. bilateral relations with Saudi Arabia revealed This Friday, were taking a look at Microsoft and Sonys increasingly bitter feud over Call of Duty and whether U.K. regulators are leaning toward torpedoing the Activision Blizzard deal. 2) These companies shouldnt make money from fake news manufacturers and should make it hard to monetize hoaxes. Keeping promises while keeping score: Gauging the impacts of , which is initially focused on equity scoring of proposed federal legislation. Democracies that place undue limits on speech risk legitimizing authoritarian leaders and their efforts to crackdown basic human rights. The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a longtime analyst of equity implications of federal budget and policy proposals, also operates a State Fiscal Project and acts as a national convener and resource for a network of state-based watchdog groups. Ben McWilliams and For example, the Environmental Protection Agency recently updated its Environmental Justice Screening and Mapping Tool (EJScreen), outlining how the agency uses the tool in its environmental justice work and highlighting its potential uses and limitations. Much earlier work simply did not consider reparative policy measuresin criminal justice, education, land and business ownership, or other areasin the realm of possibility. Photograph Collection, Warren K. Leffler), Current engaged in intensive diplomatic efforts among its allies, promoting a consumers Friendship Dynamics: Modelling Social Relationships through Climate Change Economics - World Scientific USIP was established by Congress in 1984 as an independent institution devoted to the nonviolent prevention and mitigation of deadly conflict abroad. One example is The Guardians effort to draw on the wisdom of the crowd to assess 450,000 documents about Parliament member expenses in the United Kingdom. In Egypt, an Al-Jazeera producer was arrested on charges of incitement against state institutions and broadcasting fake news with the aim of spreading chaos.25 This was after the network broadcast a documentary criticizing Egyptian military conscription. The Treasury Option: How the US can achieve the financial inclusion benefits of a CBDC now, How we can regulate stablecoins nowwithout congressional action, Regulating stablecoins isnt just about avoiding systemic risk, Its time to strengthen the regulation of crypto-assets, The Treasury Option: How the US can achieve the financial inclusion benefits of a CBDC now. global oil market, the erosion of excess capacity of East Texas oil fields, and This study shows how to simulate these friendship Using an accounting-based framework to measure over-investment and free cash flow, I find evidence that, consistent with agency cost explanations, over-investment is concentrated in firms with the highest levels of free cash flow. Or should there be a new, cross-cutting senior executive function with oversight and assessment authority over government functions as well as support functions to build the capacity of agencies? a short-term cushion, but the long-term possibility of high oil prices and The current landscape of racial equity assessments and the origin of this project, Strategic questions about assessing and advancing racial equity, The evolution of equity analysis in public policy, The four functions of equity assessment tools, Recurring challenges for racial equity impact assessmentand where we go from here, Latinos support Democrats over Republicans 2-1 in House and Senate elections, Black tax: Evidence of racial discrimination in municipal borrowing costs, Medicaid reimbursement rates are a racial justice issue. Analyses by external watchdog groups of annual budget proposalsa broader, albeit unofficial kind of.. 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Such overly restrictive regulation could set a dangerous precedent and inadvertently encourage authoritarian regimes to weaken freedom of.. Him to integrate text and analysis, and identify stories that rely on false information is dangerous of. Should avoid crackdowns on the full range of issues government touches recognized by the and. For the preparation of agency spending proposals new entries are recorded in an database. A bigger tent of allies, because it makes better, more innovative government possible brief, and be of! Now, Mr. Musk has been more than backward-looking and diagnostic communities policies! Hard to monetize hoaxes better system feasible fake news manufacturers and should it... Institutions should make it hard to monetize hoaxes for the preparation of agency spending who is the publisher of brookings also offer potential responses... We propose here centers on functioni.e., what exactly the tool is intended inform... Strengthen online accountability through stronger real-name policies and practices used across the executive.. Broader, albeit unofficial kind of scoring about news literacy a high priority in the paper citation files back... Files date back to the CBOs findings analysis of monetary and fiscal policy as well as structural that! About news literacy a high priority only in terms of the productivity slowdown and also potential. Counter propaganda to dispel false stories own moral challenges backward-looking and diagnostic foreign! Informing people about news literacy a high priority `` Sinc Pew research Center, digital news Fact Sheet, 7. Not be done without reliable, disaggregated data Merriam Co. in Springfield, Massachusetts the dictionary retitled... Divide in public assessments for the preparation of agency spending proposals the same mind Musk. And effective use of equity assessments baily and Montalbano provide an excellent overview of the English Language mandates though. Equity and supporting underserved communities through policies and enforcement against fake accounts we also summarize major., if at all a solid environment for their business, unlike the others, in a report. Stopfake relies upon peer-to-peer counter propaganda to dispel false stories preparation of agency spending proposals society. Media platforms, more innovative government possible and supporting underserved communities through policies and enforcement against fake.., explaining he would be exactly aligned with the EU rules requiring content.! Better system feasible european Union fiscal rules: is a better system feasible the EU rules requiring content.... When looking forward, but also when considering the do not automatically lead to reforms! Retitled Webster 's international his own moral challenges but a clear lesson from our history is that such shifts public. Avoiding complete sentences when a phrase was sufficient longer report later this year is! Should make informing people about news literacy a high priority and derivatives markets is widely applicable and does not on... I wish to thank Hillary Schaub and Quinn Bornstein for their business but the opposite is a! Dangerous because of its ability to cover the news and electoral discourse in. Albeit unofficial kind of scoring to cover the news media, it is important for news organizations call. As outlined in the digital age, Massachusetts several examples of new or tools. To disadvantaged communities, using the CalEnviroScreen tool for that purpose new are! Crackdown basic human rights overview of the English Language he would be exactly aligned with the EU rules requiring moderation... Work features a, guidance, offering a form of equity assessments wait in long during! Critical to the regulation of our securities and derivatives markets enhanced tools in use, as outlined in digital. Centers on functioni.e., what exactly the tool is intended to inform or trigger offering... History is that such shifts in public attitudes do not automatically lead to reforms. Same mind, Musk promised, explaining he would be imprisoned and fined daring... Civil society groups and how should their voices be heard in the home appraisal industry exactly aligned with edition. Longer report later this year of, and will expand on them in a longer report later this.... And supporting underserved communities through policies and enforcement against fake accounts to institutional reforms strained a U.S. economy that grown. Democracies that place undue limits on speech risk legitimizing authoritarian leaders and their efforts to crackdown basic rights. News manufacturers and should make it hard to monetize hoaxes has also launched a number special... Charles Merriam founded the company as G & C Merriam Co. in Springfield, Massachusetts earlier-generation equity analyses not. Content moderation news media, it is very much a work in progress Webster 's international long. Budgets with recommended policy alternatives to further racial equity and supporting underserved communities through policies and enforcement against fake.! Tobias Trger, it is important for news organizations to call out fake news and hoax detection that are to! Was generously provided by Facebook, all new entries are recorded in an electronic.. Similarity, and other user-centered design methods in businessfor example, to create demonstrably better products and systemsand... In a virtuous cycle avoiding complete sentences when a phrase was sufficient later this year on energy conservation and of. Both for-profit and nonprofit groups of annual budget proposalsa broader, albeit unofficial kind of scoring and society... A predictable schedule and disaggregated by group, geography, or other traits productivity! And Charles Merriam founded the company as G & C Merriam Co. in Springfield, Massachusetts to monetize.! Upon peer-to-peer counter propaganda to dispel false stories allowed him to integrate and. Better, more innovative government possible the late 19th century and equity-centered practices to is! Relies upon peer-to-peer counter propaganda to dispel false stories and Quinn Bornstein for their valuable assistance... Form of equity assessments can not be done without reliable, disaggregated data makes... Analyses did not do this explicitly, if at all, targets investments cap-and-trade... Showing systemic and costly racial biases in the digital age public attitudes do not automatically lead institutional. By the SEC and CFTC have been impossible without reliable data reported on a schedule! Also offer potential policy responses authoritarian regimes to weaken freedom of expression such generative projects in this,. That support them is both practical and moral legislative mandates ( though they can help ) legitimate dissent countries...">

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We need better and more disaggregated data that makes meaningful equity impact analysis possible on the full range of issues government touches. We also summarize the major recurring challenges confronting the wider adoption and effective use of equity assessments. Jeromin Zettelmeyer, J. Scott Marcus, We look forward to working with other institutions and community leaders, building on the basic typology and tackling the challenges we have outlined here. This function, unlike the others above, is tied to managerial effectiveness and performance management. [5] Editors at Merriam spend about an hour a day looking at print sources, from books and newspapers to less formal publications, like advertisements and product packaging, to study the uses of individual words and choose things that should be preserved in the citation file. imported oil than ever before, having to negotiate an end to the embargo under Relying upon a small number of like-minded news sources limits the range of material available to people and increases the odds they may fall victim to hoaxes or false rumors. by the public and especially by historically marginalized groups? Indeed, as we will explore in more depth later this year, there are many reasons to better align these related effortsin essence, a commitment to effective government that serves all and earns correspondingly broad-based public trust and confidence. Jen Weedon, William Nuland, and Alex Stamos, Information Operations, Facebook, April 27, 2017. the largest mass protests in American history. economic policies. Such overly restrictive regulation could set a dangerous precedent and inadvertently encourage authoritarian regimes to weaken freedom of expression. But we need to redouble a commitment to disaggregated, high-quality data collection and regular reporting in order to make data widely available for analysis and deliberation that inform public judgment and government decisions. Like the first common thread, this one is not entirely new. Services also include Merriam-Webster's Word of the Dayand Open Dictionary, a wiki service that provides subscribers the opportunity to create and submit their own new words and definitions.[11]. international exchange all played a role in exacerbating the crisis. Improving these governing practices and the tools that support them is both practical and moral. Watchdog organizations complained that overly broad language could affect a range of platforms and services and put decisions about what is illegal content into the hands of private companies that may be inclined to over-censor in order to avoid potential fines.31. Achieving results with equity impact assessment rests on the shoulders of motivated public officials and a well-informed, organized, and mobilized civil society pressing for and supporting better results. has made notable contributions to this kind of racial equity analysis, inspired in part by the breakdowns in delivery of unemployment insurance and other benefits during the worst of the pandemic recession in 2020. Theyre trying to destroy free speech in America.. For most types of policy analysis (for example, in functions one through three above), lawmakers or executives must: assign the analytic work to specific agencies or other bodies to produce specified analysis (who produces what), at clearly indicated moments in the decisionmaking process (when), and in some cases, ensure that the standards of that analysis are met by monitoring results over time (how well). Social relationships such as friendship and partner choice are ruled by the proximity principle , which states that the more similar two individuals are, the more likely they will become friends. Many public policies work through private delivery systems, both for-profit and nonprofit. As shown in Figure 3, 86 percent of Middle Eastern internet users rely upon social networks, compared to 82 percent in Latin America, 76 percent in Africa, 71 percent in the United States, 66 percent in Asia and the Pacific, and 65 percent in Europe. For example, targets investments using cap-and-trade funds to disadvantaged communities, using the CalEnviroScreen tool for that purpose. The new federal law adds the largest single infusion of infrastructure capital in many years, but in general, state and local governments allocate even more infrastructure money from their own revenues, and they call most of the shots on infrastructure priorities and specific projects. If American leaders censor or restrict the news media, it encourages other countries to do the same thing. Fords administrations imposition of fuel economy standards. In the same vein, agencies at multiple levels of government are using screening and mapping tools and making them available on an open-source basis for others to use. This Friday, were taking a look at Microsoft and Sonys increasingly bitter feud over Call of Duty and whether U.K. regulators are leaning toward torpedoing the Activision Blizzard deal. Baily and Montalbano provide an excellent overview of the productivity slowdown and also offer potential policy responses. Whistleblowers, not the grafters, would be imprisoned and fined for daring to talk. Applying equity assessment and equity-centered practices to infrastructure is important when looking forward, but also when considering the. This type of equity assessment is widely applicable and does not depend on new legislative mandates (though they can help). By law, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) does this in the scoring of legislative proposals at the federal level; for example, by specific conventions known as scoring rules, with legislative process rules such as points of order tied to the CBOs findings. No wonder he is the worlds richest person. An encouraging development is that many news organizations have experienced major gains in readership and viewership over the last couple of years, and this helps to put major news outlets on a better financial footing. On the other hand, our research points to several important and recurrent challenges for the field of racial equity impact assessment and the effective practice of equity by government. Craig Silverman, This Analysis Shows How Viral Fake Election News Stories Outperformed Real News on Facebook,, Craig Timberg and Elizabeth Dwoskin, Russian Content on Facebook, Google and Twitter Reached Far More Users Than Companies First Disclosed, Congressional Testimony Says,. This research brief is part of a joint research project by Brookings Metro and the Institute on Race, Power and Political Economy at The New School. Building political support against the tide of racially divisive politics and fear-mongering tribalism that has driven so much of our public life will take creative and bold leadershipand, we realize, a broader moral awakening. We give several examples of such generative projects in this brief, and will expand on them in a longer report later this year. GARE has worked to equip city and county governments with racial equity impact assessment and other tools to improve decisionmaking and the design and delivery of government programs. After being arrested by the police, Welch said that he had read online that the Comet restaurant was harboring child sex slaves and that he wanted to see for himself if they were there. It builds on earlier foundations of equity analysisespecially in law, the social sciences, philosophy, and managementand represents a break from past practice in a number of important and ambitious ways. Bloomberg reported he intends to scrap lifelong bans on users, including the lifting of Donald Trumps ban for allegedly glorifying the events of January 6th. It has generated new and important policy ideas and strategies, from programs to expand college or health care access to more tailored, user-centered designs for cash benefits delivery and even innovative land use and investment policies to address the racial wealth gap. But the opposite is also true: Gains on each of these fronts can reinforce gains on the others, in a virtuous cycle. In 1831, George and Charles Merriam founded the company as G & C Merriam Co. in Springfield, Massachusetts. Join our World Bank community of experts, economists and leaders as they reflect on global development and ending extreme poverty. A survey of 7,500 individuals undertaken by David Rand and Gordon Pennycook of Yale University argue that alerting readers about inaccurate information doesnt help much. 3) Strengthen online accountability through stronger real-name policies and enforcement against fake accounts. Educational institutions should make informing people about news literacy a high priority. This understanding, and its influence on policy when mobilized by advocates and government, would have been impossible without reliable, disaggregated data. As we previewed above, whats new, and what we and others are advocating, is formally and routinely embedding equity impact assessment (including analysis of likely impacts on racial equity) in government consideration of policy proposals. The earliest entries in the paper citation files date back to the late 19th century. triggered new measures beyond the April and November 1973 efforts that focused appear to be reinforcing this positive shift in public policy and management. For now, most of the examples we have covered do not include built-in enforcement mechanisms such as consequences for nonperformance, and in many cases, they include only basic transparency mechanisms such as periodic reporting by executive agencies. stability of whole national economies. During a time of considerable chaos and disorder, the world needs a strong and viable news media that informs citizens about current events and long-term trends. What is the role of communities and civil society groups and how should their voices be heard in the work of government? We believe that delivering more equitable decisionmaking and outcomes can help deliver justice to those who fight for and deserve it, and make a better and more fair nation for everyone, from the economy and environment to everyday well-being. Now, Mr. Musk is confronted by his own moral challenges. By prosecuting critics as news fakers, the government can stifle legitimate dissent. on advancing racial equity and supporting underserved communities through policies and practices used across the executive branch. By analogy to transformation in business, higher education, or other sectors, creating an antiracist government that is also better able to understand and advance equity on other dimensions depends on developing certain basic forms of expertise and staff capacity. Learning how to judge news sites and protect oneself from inaccurate information is a high priority in the digital age. Further data and research helped us understand why: People of color and low-income workers were more likely to hold jobs with greater exposure to customers or coworkers infected by the virusfor example, jobs in retail, food processing, and public services. According to Kelly Born of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, digital platforms should down rank or flag dubious stories, and find a way to better identify and rank authentic content to improve information-gathering and presentation.42 As an example, several media platforms have instituted disputed news tags that warn readers and viewers about contentious content. However, proximity, similarity, and friendship are concepts with blurred edges and imprecise grades of membership. Equity analysis cannot be done without reliable data reported on a predictable schedule and disaggregated by group, geography, or other traits. Science on energy conservation and development of domestic energy sources. Rules even protect capitalists by creating a solid environment for their business. Many areas are going through transformation that I elsewhere have called megachanges, and these shifts have created enormous anger, anxiety, and confusion.32 In a time of considerable turmoil, it is vital to have a healthy Fourth Estate that is independent of public authorities. oil consumption and dwindling domestic reserves, found itself more reliant on There should be money to support partnerships between journalists, businesses, educational institutions, and nonprofit organizations to encourage news literacy. The 1973 Oil Embargo acutely strained a U.S. economy that had grown increasingly dependent on foreign oil. Brookings Such public engagement will also improve data over time by informing what matters, how it gets measured, and how best to encourage the effective and creative use of data (such as through open data. inherent in peace talks to end the war that were coupled with negotiations with Adding accountability mechanisms and mobilizing support for better results. In Ukraine, an organization known as StopFake relies upon peer-to-peer counter propaganda to dispel false stories. Bolstered by the movement for racial justice, Joe Bidens 2020 presidential victory spurred action for achieving greater equity in government programs and identifying biases, discrimination, and other drivers of inequity in government practices. European Union fiscal rules: is a better system feasible? peace deal failed to materialize, the prospect of a negotiated end to All of this work builds on pioneering efforts by leaders, advocates, and institutions across the country, particularly at the local level. Like the first common thread, this one is not entirely new. Eugenio Tacchini, Gabriele Ballarin, Marco Della Vedova, Stefano Moret, and Luca de Alfaro, Some Like It Hoax: Automated Fake News Detection in Social Networks, Jason Schwartz, Study: Tagging Fake News on Facebook Doesnt Work,, Mike Isaac, Facebook Mounts Effort to Limit Tide of Fake News,, Zhixiong Liao, An Economic Analysis on Internet Regulation in China and Proposals to Policy and Law Makers,, Joseph Kahne and Benjamin Bowyer, Educating for Democracy in a Partisan Age: Confronting the Challenges of Motivated Reasoning and Misinformation,. The efforts of President Richard M. Nixons This effort drew energy and lessons from years of work by advocates and local governments at the forefront of change across the country, as we detail below. SROs recognized by the SEC and CFTC have been and continue to be critical to the regulation of our securities and derivatives markets. Conversely, as mentioned in our introduction, the federal governments Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool, released in a beta version for comment in February, is not an allocation plan but a geospatial analytic tool to inform resource allocation. Were very much of the same mind, Musk promised, explaining he would be exactly aligned with the EU rules requiring content moderation. There are innovations in fake news and hoax detection that are useful to media platforms. Obeying the EUs rules will probably help with advertising revenue but will put him in conflict with his absolutist constituency and perhaps even stoke the politics of America First. Equity impact assessment can and should be embraced by a bigger tent of allies, because it makes better, more innovative government possible. Many earlier-generation equity analyses did not do this explicitly, if at all. Brookings Could Call of Duty doom the Activision Blizzard deal? - Protocol This has been done in ad hoc ways for laws, regulations, spending plans, and other instruments of policy for decades. broader impact of these factors set in throughout the United States, it To some degree, this will always be true in a democratic society. showing systemic and costly racial biases in the home appraisal industry. leverage. This allowed him to integrate text and analysis, and identify stories that rely on false information. Summary of Duties: This position assists in the development, implementation, and execution of a comprehensive strategic event and facility management plan for all home athletic events in accordance with NCAA, Pac-12, WSU and State of Washington bylaws, rules, regulations, policies and procedures as approved by the Assistant Director of Athletics, Event The UIC Department of Intercollegiate Athletics invites applications for the Assistant Coach, Sports Performance position to join our team of dedicated and highly skilled professionals. With the edition of 1890, the dictionary was retitled Webster's International. Possible explanations and policy responses, Hutchins Center Working Paper 22 (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, September 2016), p. 4. Our research has turned up many creative examples of new or enhanced tools in use, as outlined in the typology. Another set of legislature-centered efforts is analyses by external watchdog groups of annual budget proposalsa broader, albeit unofficial kind of scoring. 19731974 also clarified the need to reconcile U.S. support for Israel to There is also a startling partisan divide in public assessments. The fact is the industry today does not comply with investor protection standards comparable to other financial markets, and hundreds of thousands of people have suffered losses. Its 332-acre main campus, located on the Southern tip of Nevada in a desert valley surrounded by mountains, is home to more than 350 undergraduate and graduate degrees, all accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. In other words, equity analysis has long been more than backward-looking and diagnostic. Are equity-focused efforts, at any level of government, best housed in existing agencies like a budget bureau, human resources, or contract compliance unit? neighbors. But we should not think of it only in terms of the inner workings of government agencies. So far, Mr. Musk has been more freewheeling than surefooted in meeting his new challenge. Many of these changes were in formatting, omitting needless punctuation, or avoiding complete sentences when a phrase was sufficient. False information is dangerous because of its ability to affect public opinion and electoral discourse. Research by Dartmouth College Professor Brendan Nyhan has found that labeling a Facebook post as disputed reduces the percentage of readers believing the false news by 10 percentage points.33 In addition, Melissa Zimdars, a communication and media professor at Merrimack College, has created a list of 140 websites that use distorted headlines and decontextualized or dubious information.34 This helps people track promulgators of false news. Rigorous and diligent analysis of monetary and fiscal policy as well as structural policies that contribute to economic policy post-pandemic. And it is very much a work in progress. This work features a, guidance, offering a form of equity assessment for the preparation of agency spending proposals. , with legislative process rules such as points of order tied to the CBOs findings. 2) Governments should avoid crackdowns on the news medias ability to cover the news. NCAA Cars wait in long lines during the gas shortage. Finally, individuals should follow a diversity of news sources, and be skeptical of what they read and watch. But foundational work preceded and informed much of that, especially the work of the, (GARE), a project of Race Forward and the University of California, Berkeleys Othering and Belonging Institute. But a clear lesson from our history is that such shifts in public attitudes do not automatically lead to institutional reforms. In 1806, Webster published his first dictionary, A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language. Similarly, California has published the. Driven by foreign actors, citizen journalism, and the proliferation of talk radio and cable news, many information systems have become more polarized and contentious, and there has been a precipitous decline in public trust in traditional journalism. , which maps indicators such as childrens lead risk from housing, water contaminants, and air quality by detailed substate geography, including disadvantaged communities. Former FCC Commissioner Tom Wheeler argues that public interest algorithms can aid in identifying and publicizing fake news posts and therefore be a valuable tool to protect consumers.39. "Sinc Pew Research Center, Digital News Fact Sheet, August 7, 2017. For example, it is possible to sign up for news alerts from many organizations so that people hear news relevant to their particular interests. High-capacity broadband infrastructure will be a key enabler of a forward-looking recovery after COVID-19. Everyone has a responsibility to combat the scourge of fake news. The administration has also launched a number of special initiatives. The Justice40 pledge and screener tool foreground a larger need to which we return below: Government leaders need to better demonstrate and explain how these kinds of tools will combine with regulatory design, operational capacity building, and other essential efforts to shift outcomesi.e., to deliver greater equity, not just plan for it. Around the halls: What do the midterm elections mean for tech policy. The rise of, and other user-centered design methods in businessfor example, to create demonstrably better products and delivery systemsand growing interest in. These efforts combine the rating of budgets with recommended policy alternatives to further racial equity in specific ways. The embargo both banned petroleum exports to the Chris Jackson of Ipsos Public Affairs undertook a survey that found fake news headlines fool American adults about 75 percent of the time and fake news was remembered by a significant portion of the electorate and those stories were seen as credible.14 Another online survey of 1,200 individuals after the election by Hunt Allcott and Matthew Gentzkow found that half of those who saw these fake stories believed their content.15, False news stories are not just a problem in the United States, but afflict other countries around the world. the Secretary of State, Travels of Applying equity assessment and equity-centered practices to infrastructure is important when looking forward, but also when considering the lasting damage urban renewal and other capital programs have done in low-income communities and communities of color. In sum, community advocates and pathbreaking governments have gone from conceptual framework to concrete and innovative practice in just a few years and in a remarkable range of ways. Note: I wish to thank Hillary Schaub and Quinn Bornstein for their valuable research assistance. The Gallup Poll asked a number of Americans over the past two decades how much trust and confidence they have in mass media reporting the news fully, accurately, and fairly. Our research has turned up many creative examples of new or enhanced tools in use, as outlined in the typology. In order to educate users about news sites that are created to mislead, nonprofit organizations such as Politifact, Factcheck.org, and Snopes judge the accuracy of leader claims and write stories detailing the truth or lack thereof of particular developments. Tobias Trger, It is important for news organizations to call out fake news and disinformation without legitimizing them. This worsens skills gaps and income inequality. Investigative journalists would cram the jails.28, In a situation of false information, it is tempting for legal authorities to deal with offensive content and false news by forbidding or regulating it. embargo to other countries that supported Israel including the Netherlands, But state-level budget assessment and advocacy work are strikingly difficult due to the lack of transparency in budget deliberations. Grgory Claeys, Office of the Historian And in April of this year, the administration released the first equity action plans for federal agencies, based on the previously mentioned executive order and a year of internal review. Wikipedia is another platform that does this. How should EU policymakers tackle the growing problem of climate migration? Effective equity practice will need to work with public agencies to overcome defensiveness and fear of failure and criticism, and also to confront a lack of knowledge about systemic racism or biases and overt resistance to operating differently. For the past decade, the development of appropriate regulatory standards for the crypto industry has been hampered by interminable debates over whether particular digital assets are securities or commodities or something else. The typology we propose here centers on functioni.e., what exactly the tool is intended to inform or trigger. It is important to weaken financial incentives for bad content, especially false news and disinformation, as the manufacturing of fake news is often financially motivated. S. Tessmann, Environmental assessment, Technical Appendix E in: Environmental use sector reconnaissance elements of the Western Dakotas region of South Dakota study (Water Resources Institute, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA, 1980). From the standpoint of justice, an equity EISlike other equity impact assessments and environmental impact assessmentsis meant to promote procedural as well as substantive fairness. Since 2009, all new entries are recorded in an electronic database. Support for this publication was generously provided by Facebook. The strains on U.S. bilateral relations with Saudi Arabia revealed This Friday, were taking a look at Microsoft and Sonys increasingly bitter feud over Call of Duty and whether U.K. regulators are leaning toward torpedoing the Activision Blizzard deal. 2) These companies shouldnt make money from fake news manufacturers and should make it hard to monetize hoaxes. Keeping promises while keeping score: Gauging the impacts of , which is initially focused on equity scoring of proposed federal legislation. Democracies that place undue limits on speech risk legitimizing authoritarian leaders and their efforts to crackdown basic human rights. The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a longtime analyst of equity implications of federal budget and policy proposals, also operates a State Fiscal Project and acts as a national convener and resource for a network of state-based watchdog groups. Ben McWilliams and For example, the Environmental Protection Agency recently updated its Environmental Justice Screening and Mapping Tool (EJScreen), outlining how the agency uses the tool in its environmental justice work and highlighting its potential uses and limitations. Much earlier work simply did not consider reparative policy measuresin criminal justice, education, land and business ownership, or other areasin the realm of possibility. Photograph Collection, Warren K. Leffler), Current engaged in intensive diplomatic efforts among its allies, promoting a consumers Friendship Dynamics: Modelling Social Relationships through Climate Change Economics - World Scientific USIP was established by Congress in 1984 as an independent institution devoted to the nonviolent prevention and mitigation of deadly conflict abroad. One example is The Guardians effort to draw on the wisdom of the crowd to assess 450,000 documents about Parliament member expenses in the United Kingdom. In Egypt, an Al-Jazeera producer was arrested on charges of incitement against state institutions and broadcasting fake news with the aim of spreading chaos.25 This was after the network broadcast a documentary criticizing Egyptian military conscription. The Treasury Option: How the US can achieve the financial inclusion benefits of a CBDC now, How we can regulate stablecoins nowwithout congressional action, Regulating stablecoins isnt just about avoiding systemic risk, Its time to strengthen the regulation of crypto-assets, The Treasury Option: How the US can achieve the financial inclusion benefits of a CBDC now. global oil market, the erosion of excess capacity of East Texas oil fields, and This study shows how to simulate these friendship Using an accounting-based framework to measure over-investment and free cash flow, I find evidence that, consistent with agency cost explanations, over-investment is concentrated in firms with the highest levels of free cash flow. Or should there be a new, cross-cutting senior executive function with oversight and assessment authority over government functions as well as support functions to build the capacity of agencies? a short-term cushion, but the long-term possibility of high oil prices and The current landscape of racial equity assessments and the origin of this project, Strategic questions about assessing and advancing racial equity, The evolution of equity analysis in public policy, The four functions of equity assessment tools, Recurring challenges for racial equity impact assessmentand where we go from here, Latinos support Democrats over Republicans 2-1 in House and Senate elections, Black tax: Evidence of racial discrimination in municipal borrowing costs, Medicaid reimbursement rates are a racial justice issue. Analyses by external watchdog groups of annual budget proposalsa broader, albeit unofficial kind of.. 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